Contemporary Perspectives on Helicobacter pylori: A Review

Shivendra Singh Dewhare*; Shifa Swaleha; Sneha Agrawal

doi:10.52228/NBW-JAAB.2025-7-1-1

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Contemporary Perspectives on Helicobacter pylori: A Review

Author(s): Shivendra Singh Dewhare*¹, Shifa Swaleha², Sneha Agrawal³

Email(s): ¹ssdewhare@prsu.ac.in, ²shifaswaleha2808@gmail.com, ³snehaagrawal03.ryp@gmail.com

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Published In: Volume - 7, Issue - 1, Year - 2025

DOI: 10.52228/NBW-JAAB.2025-7-1-1

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ABSTRACT:
Helicobacter pylori a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium flourishes in low-oxygen conditions and is recognized as a major contributor in gastrointestinal disorder. This bacterium is uniquely adapted to survive in acidic conditions of stomach. Bacterium colonization, immune evasion, and mucosal layer damage are facilitated by key virulence factors like CagA, VacA, and BabA. Eradicating the bacterium poses significant challenges because of its capacity to alter its antigens thereby contributing to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The pathogen and host engage in complex interactions during pathogenesis, which leads to inflammation and epithelial tissue damage. Diagnostic methods vary from invasive techniques to non-invasive approaches, including new technologies such as PCR, next-generation sequencing, and biosensor platforms. Increasing resistance to antibiotics, especially clarithromycin and metronidazole, has notably diminished the effectiveness of standard treatments. Although vaccine development is still in the experimental stage, triple therapy has traditionally been the standard approach. More recent treatment regimens include bismuth compounds, vonoprazan, and therapies based on susceptibility testing have demonstrated better results. Preventive measures focus on improving sanitation, conducting screenings, and raising public awareness. Future research aims to explore immunomodulatory treatments, drug delivery systems enhanced by nanotechnology, and personalized medicine informed by pharmacogenetic insights, which could lead to more successful eradication, strengthened host defences, and a reduction in antimicrobial resistance in treating H. pylori.

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Shivendra Singh Dewhare, Shifa Swaleha, Sneha Agrawal (2025) Contemporary Perspectives on Helicobacter pylori: A Review. NewBioWorld A Journal of Alumni Association of Biotechnology, 7(1):1-15.DOI: https://doi.org/10.52228/NBW-JAAB.2025-7-1-1

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