NewBioWorld A
Journal of Alumni Association of Biotechnology (2023) 5(2):1-6
RESEARCH
ARTICLE
Therapeutic
Use of Some Common Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Major Life Style Diseases
of Chhattisgarh
Prerna Soni*, Shobha Gawri
Department
of Biotechnology, Seth Phoolchand Agrawal Smriti College, Nawapara, Rajim
prernasn@yahoo.com,
shobhagawri@gmail.com
*Corresponding Author Email- prernasn@yahoo.com
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ARTICLE INFORMATION
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ABSTRACT
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Article history:
Received
14 September 2023
Received in revised form
18 November 2023
Accepted
Keywords:
Therapeutic;
Life
style diseases; Medicinal plants;
Herbal
medicine; Chhattisgarh
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About 80% of India's population
receives healthcare from medicinal plants, making them extremely important.
They have been used by tribes and local people for curing various diseases
since the majority of disorders in today's culture are lifestyle-related.
Recently, greater prominence is being laid to phyto-therapy throughout world.
This study emphasises the value of therapeutic plants in the different areas
of Gariyaband district of Chhattisgarh used for treating life style diseases
such as asthma, diabetes, hypertension and arthritis.
The research work on therapeutic
plants was carried out in the years 2017 – 2018. A total of twenty-five
species of plants from 17 families and 25 genera have been documented for
various medicinal applications. Plant identification was done with
conventional monographs and vegetation. Among 25 plant families, Fabaceae and
Apocyanaceae has been obtained as dominant family and maximum 13 plant
species were obtained for treating asthma disease comparatively to diabetes,
arthritis and hypertension. The plants were used for medicine has enumerated
alphabetically and the local name, family names, plant part used and curing
diseases has documented to treat life style diseases like asthma, diabetes,
hypertension and arthritis.
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Introduction
Traditional herbal medicine, which has long been the
foundation of traditional medicine, is an integral part of many nations'
healthcare systems. In India, an important part of the medical system is
provided by plants used for medicinal purposes for almost 80% of the
population. Plants are the main component of traditional medicines. Folk
remedies have contributed to the gradual increase in the usage of ancient
Indian medicinal systems such as Ayurveda. A WHO report states that many
ailments in the current period are typically lifestyle-related. like asthma,
diabetes, hypertension and arthritis so the usage of herbal medicines can
minimize such problems.
Herbal remedies are widely accessible and
well-received in the community. For indigenous rural populations, they provide
an economical and simple to use healthcare infrastructure and are a major
source of income (Samar et al. 2012). Because of significant importance and
commercial value the sustainable utility and there conservation is necessary.
DOI: 10.52228/NBW-JAAB.2023-5-2-1
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Lifestyle diseases (also called
diseases of longevity or diseases of civilization) are diseases that appear to
become ever more widespread as countries become more industrialized (Mishra
2011). LSD like hypertension, diabetes, arthritis and asthma are the major risk
factors for the development of Cardio vascular disease (Nadkarni 1986).
Chhattisgarh state is rich in the natural resources
of herb and medicinal plants, which is traditionally being applied to cure
various diseases. It is among the nine high priority states in India with poor
health indicators such as high infant mortality and maternal mortality rates
and high prevalence of morbidities (Balick 1996). Hence it is very necessary to
conserve, protect and document the important plant species. During the present
investigation, Gariyaband district of Chhattisgarh was selected for medicinal
studies of herbal plants. The main objective of the present study was to
explore the significance of traditional system of medicine, in particular
traditional medicinal plants as a primary health concern modality for treating
different life style diseases in Chhattisgarh.
Materials and Methods
Different
areas of Gariyaband district of Chhattisgarh were used for collecting the
flora. Geographically Gariyaband is situated at 20.2571° N, Latitude and
82.3018° E longitude. It is located in the south eastern part of the
Chhattisgarh. The identification and knowledge about plants were go through out
with the aid of standard floras given by Hans flora, (1925): Verma et al.
(1993) and Singh et al., (2001). The information about plants having medicinal
properties in relation to cure life style diseases were confirmed through many
resource people as far as possible in other localities used for purpose of
curative properties. Several visits were done with these resource persons who
helped us to identify with their common names and the medicinal uses of the
plants. During the investigation the complete information pertaining their
botanical names, local names, family name, and plant parts used, mode of
administration etc. were recorded.
The identification of plants was also done using the
references of Flora of British India by Hooker (1875) and herbaceous flora of
Dehradun by C.R. Babu (1977). The medicinal uses were cross checked with the
ancient compilations like, Indian Medicinal plants Nadkarni (1986&1998),
and Indian Materia medica-Kirthikar and Basu (1988).
Table No.-1: List of medicinal
plants for curing various ailments of LSD. (Kumar et al. 2010)
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SN
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LSD
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Botanical Name
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Common Name
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Family
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Plant Parts Used
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Chemical constituents
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I
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Diabetes
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Acacia nilotica
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Babul
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Fabaceae
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Leaves, stem, bark
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Tannin, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, kaempferol,
glucoside, iso-quercitrin and leucocyanidin.
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Butea monosperma
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Palash
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Fabaceae
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Seed, flower, root, fruits
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·
Fixed
oil oleic acid, palmitic acid, Alkaloid: Butrin, butein, Flavonoids,
steroids. Glycine, Glucoside .
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Carissa
caranda
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Karonda
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Apocynaceae
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Fruit leaves, root
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Triterpenoid tannins, carissic acid. 2-phenyl ethanol, linalool,
isoamyl alcohol, β-caryophyllene, benzyl acetate, carissol and lanost-5-en-
3β-ol-21-oic acid
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Delonix regia
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Gulmohar
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Fabaceae
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Flower
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Sterols, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, and
falvonoids
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Ipomoea batatas
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Shakarkand
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Convolvulaceae
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Root, leaves
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Beta- carotene, anthocyanine, cyanidins,
peonidins, carbohydrate
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Phyllanthus emblica
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Amla
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Phyllanthaceae
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Whole plant
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Phyllemblin, tannin, pectin
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Vinca roseus
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Sadasuhagan
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Apocyanaceae
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Leaves flower
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Indole alkaloid: vincristie, vinblastine
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Mimosa pudica
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Chuimui
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Fabaceae
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Leaves, stem, root
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Alkaloid mimosine, mucilage, tannins,
non- protein amino acid (mimosin), flavonoid C- glycosides, sterols,
terpenoids, tannins and fatty acids.
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Nerium oleander
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Pink kaner
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Apocyanaceae
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Leaves seeds
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Glycosides-neriin, alkaloid- oleandrin,
glycosides gentiobiosyl- oleandrin, gentiobiosyl-nerigoside and
gentiobiosyl-beaumontoside
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Phyllanthus emblica
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Amla
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Phyllanthaceae
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Whole plant
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Phyllemblin, tannin, pectin
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Shorearobusta
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Sal
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Dipterocarpaceae
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Leaves, Seed, bark, fruit
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Lignin, oleoresin, triterpenoids,
oleanane, triterpene acid
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Solanum virginianum
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Bhaskatiya
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Solanaceae
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Root, fruit
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Diosgenin and beta cytosterol, coumarins,
scopolin, scopoletin, esculin and esculetin
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Curcuma longa
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Haldi
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Zingiberaceae
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Root, tuberous rhizome
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Curcumin,demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin.
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II
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Asthma
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Amorphophallus paeoniifolius
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Jimikand
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Araceae
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Corm
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Proteins, fat, fiber, carbohydrates,
starch, oxalic acid and vitamin A.
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Adhatodavasica
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Adusa
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Acanthaceae
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Leaves, root
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Alkaloid: vasicine, vasicinolone,
vasicol, Quinazolin. Flavonoids (Apigenin, astragalin Vitexin)
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Artabotryshexapetalus
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Hari champa
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Annonaceae
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Fruit, bark
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α and β-spinasterols; lupeol,
24-methylenecycloartanol, cycloeucalenol, campesterol, sitosterol,
stigmasterol, 5α-stigmast-7-enol nonacosane, 16-hentriacontane, β-sitosterol,
stigmasterol
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Asparagus racemosus
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Satavari
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Asparagaceae
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Root, stem, leaves, flower
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Steroid: shatavarin I-IV,quercetin,
rutin, hyperoside, diosgenin
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Cassia tora
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Charota
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Caesalpiniaceae
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Leaves seeds, stem
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Cinnamaldehyde, gum, tannins, mannitol,
coumarins
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Datura stramonium
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Datura
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Solanaceae
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Leaves seeds
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Alkaloid:hyoscine
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Ipomoea batatas
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Shakarkand
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Convolvulaceae
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Root, leaves
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Beta- carotene, anthocyanine, cyanidins,
peonidins, carbohydrate
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Lantana camara
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Lantana
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Verbenaceae
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Leaves
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Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons
bicyclogermacrene, isocaryophyllene,
valecene, germacrene D
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III
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Hypertension
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Citrus limon
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Lemon
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Rutaceae
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Leaves
fruit
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Hesperidin,pectin, calcium oxalate,
limonene, geranyl acetate, terpineol
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Punica granatum
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Anar
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Lythraceae
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Leaves
Fruit
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Pectin, organic acid: ascorbic acid,
citric acid, and malic acid, and bioactive compounds such as phenolics and
flavonoids, principally anthocyanins
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Withaniasomnifera
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Ashwagandha
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Solanaceae
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Leaves, root
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Alkaloid:withanine,somniferinine,tropine,
choline, steroidal lactones:withanoloids
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IV
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Arthritis
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Amorphophallus paeoniifolius
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Jimikand
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Araceae
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Corm
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Proteins, fat, fiber, carbohydrates,
starch, oxalic acid and vitamin A
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Butea monosperma
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Palash
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Fabaceae
(Papilionaceae)
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Seed, flower, root, fruits
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Fixed oil oleic acid, palmitic acid,
Alkaloid: Butrin, butein, Flavonoids, steroids. Glycine, Glucoside .
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Cassia tora
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Charota
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Caesalpiniaceae
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Leaves seeds, stem
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Sennosides A & B
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Delonix regia
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Gulmohar
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Fabaceae
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Flower
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Sterols, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, and
falvonoids
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Lawsoniainermis
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Heena
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Lythraceae
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Seed, leaves
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Lawsone, gallic acid, resin, tannin,
xanthone,glycosides
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Madhuca longifolia
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Mahua
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Sapotaceae
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Seeds, flowers, fruit, leaves
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Alkaloid saponin, glucoside.
Sapogenin and Sapogenin, triterpenoids, steroids, saponin, flavonoids and
glycosides.
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Tinospora cordifolia
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Giloy
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Menispermaceae
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Leaves, stem, root
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Syringing, cordial
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Result and Discussion
Around 25 types of cultivated medicinal plants
studied from different areas of Gariyaband district used by local peoples of
village in their daily living to treat different lifestyle illnesses. They have
been reported with their uses, mentioned in for going table 1. Total 25 plants
related to 25 genera and 17 families were mentioned for various therapeutic
purposes of four major life style diseases, i.e., diabetes, asthma, arthritis
and hypertension. The plants which have medicinal uses was enumerated
alphabetically and the local name, family names, plant part used and curing
diseases has documented for Gariyaband district as follows in the table number
1.
Fabaceae was the dominant family with 04 species
followed by Apocynaceae, Solanaceae with 03 species; Lythraceae with 02 species
then one plant species of Convolvulaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Zingiberaceae,
Araceae, Acanthaceae, Annonaceae, Asparagaceae, Caesalpiniaceae,
Verbenaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Rutaceae,
Sapotaceae and Menispermaceae. Leaves were reported to be the most frequently
used part of plants for curing different diseases followed by other plant parts
namely stem, root, seed, bark, fruit and flowers.According to our finding all
25 plants were important to cure life style diseases given in table 1. Among 25
plants some are still untouched by modern medical science.
Figure- 1: Pie Diagram Showing Distribution of Plant
Families
Figure- 2: Pie Diagram Showing plant availability used in
treatment of life style diseases
Figure- 3: Distribution of used plant parts
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Heena
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Jimikand
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Lantana
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Mahua
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Bhaskatiya
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Satavari
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Sal
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Karonda
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Babul
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Chuimui
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Charota
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Shakarkand
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Palash
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Amla
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Sadasuhagan
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Haldi
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Datura
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Ashwagandha
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Adusa
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Lemon
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Anar
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Pink kaner
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Giloy
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Harichampa
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Gulmohar
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Conclusion
From the above finding, it is marked that a huge
bulk of plant parts are utilized as a number of therapeutic ailments. The
current work signifies the need of the systematic confirmation of herbal
remedies. It can not only offer recognition of this useful information but will
also support in protection of such steadily diminishing important medicinal
plants. Treating life style diseases i.e. asthma, diabetes, hypertension and
arthritis will be a significant approach in future prospects.
Acknowledgement
Author is thankful to elderly local people of
Gariyaband for their valuable information shared regarding the plant medicinal
properties and healing practices. This work was made possible in part by the
Department of Biotechnology, Seth Phool Chand Agrawal Smriti PG College
Nawapara, Raipur (CG).
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